Classical Mechanics and Relativity module (PH42008)

How does gravity shape the paths of planets? What happens when objects move close to the speed of light? In this module, you’ll explore two of the most important and powerful theories in physics: classical mechanics and Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

You’ll start by revisiting Newton’s laws of motion and develop a deeper understanding of forces, momentum, and angular momentum. You’ll learn how to model everything from spinning tops to orbiting planets, and use powerful mathematical tools like the Lagrangian method to solve real-world problems. After this you’ll study the principles of special relativity. This is where time stretches, lengths contract, and nothing can go faster than light.

This module connects classical ideas with modern concepts, showing how centuries-old theories still shape our understanding of motion today. Whether you're thinking about physics, engineering, or space science, this module gives you the foundation to describe and predict the motion of almost anything.

What you will learn

In this module, you will:

• explore advanced mechanics, including rotation, oscillations, and central force motion
• use Lagrange’s equations and generalised coordinates to solve complex systems
• understand the fundamental ideas of special relativity, including time dilation and energy-momentum relationships
• apply mathematical techniques to model real physical systems

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

• solve multi-step problems involving forces, motion, and energy
• analyse rotating systems and coupled oscillators
• use the tools of classical mechanics and relativity to describe motion at all speeds
• apply four-vectors and relativistic equations in practical scenarios

Assignments / assessment

• Homework problem sets (20%)
• Final written exam, two hours (80%)

Teaching methods / timetable

• Lectures
  • On campus and face to face, using a problem-based learning approach
• Tutorials
  • Sessions focused on solving problems to gain a deeper understanding of the module material