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Keith J. Topping

Peer Assisted Learning


Book Cover

Keith Topping & Stewart Ehly (editors)

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah NJ USA & London UK

April, 1998


This book is about children in school consciously assisting others to learn and in so doing learning more effectively themselves.

Peer tutoring is the most obvious example, but Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) also encompasses peer modelling, peer education, peer counselling, peer monitoring and peer assessment. These are differentiated from other more general "co-operative learning" methods which are not included in the book.

The book blends descriptions of good practice with research findings on effectiveness. It aims to be accessible and useful to educators and other practitioners and also of interest to the research community.

Peer Assisted Learning is presented as a set of dynamic, robust, effective and flexible approaches to teaching and learning, which can be used in a host of different settings. The book describes procedures which can be applied to all areas of the curriculum in schools. They can be used with learners of all levels of ability, including gifted, disabled and second language learners. Many of the distinguished contributors to the book are from North America while others are from Europe and Australia, and applicability of these methods is worldwide.

For many readers, the general idea of peer tutoring will be familiar. However, reciprocal tutoring, classwide tutoring, paired learning methods and the deployment of students with special needs as tutors may be less familiar. So the reader's understanding of peer tutoring is likely to be deepened and extended by the book. The establishment of the broader concept of peer assisted learning, with extension to even less familiar areas such as peer modelling, peer education, peer counselling, peer monitoring and peer assessment, should enable the reader to see many new possibilities and make new connections to help develop their existing practice.

This book should be of interest and use to teachers and those who employ, train, support, consult with and evaluate teachers. Many chapters aim to help teachers to replicate these cost-effective procedures in their own school environment. A practical resources guide is included. The book should also be of interest to those who have an academic and/or research interest in the field, including education and psychology departments in universities and colleges. In addition, community educators might be interested in the implications for action beyond school, as might employers and others interested in post-school training.


Enquiries:

Americas - LEA, 10 Industrial Avenue, Mahwah, NJ 07430- 2262, USA; tel (201) 236-9500 or toll-free ordering 1-800-9-BOOKS-9; fax (201) 236-0072; web http://www.erlbaum.com; email orders@erlbaum.com

Europe - Eurospan, 3 Henrietta St., Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU, England; tel (0)171-240-0856 or freephone for UK residents 0800-526830; fax (0)171-379-0609; web http://www.eurospan.co.uk; email orders@eurospan.co.uk


CONTENTS

Foreword: Herbert Walberg (USA)

Preface: Editors

  1. INTRODUCTION TO PAL
    Keith Topping & Stewart Ehly (Scotland & USA)
  2. SECTION A THE BASIS AND BENEFITS OF PEER ASSISTED LEARNING


  3. The Psycho-educational Basis of PAL
    Hugh Foot & Christine Howe (Scotland)
  4. Advantages & Disadvantages of PAL Strategies
    Larry Maheady (USA)
  5. Key Considerations in Design and Implementation
    Elaine Chapman (Australia)
  6. SECTION B PEER TUTORING


  7. Paired Learning in Literacy
    Keith Topping (Scotland)
  8. Classwide Peer Tutoring
    Carmen Arreaga-Mayer, Barbara Terry & Charles Greenwood (USA)
  9. Reciprocal Peer Tutoring: Developing & Testing Effective Collaborations
    John Fantuzzo & Marika Ginsburg-Block (USA)
  10. Disruptive Students as Tutors: A Systems Approach
    Charles Maher, Brian Maher & Cynthia Thurston (USA)
  11. Tutoring and Students With Special Needs
    Thomas Scruggs & Margo Mastropieri (USA)
  12. SECTION C PEER FACILITATION & EDUCATION


  13. Peer Modelling
    Dale Schunk (USA)
  14. Peer Education for Health
    Elspeth Mathie & Nicholas Ford (England)
  15. Peer Counselling
    Stewart Ehly & Enedina Garcia Vazquez (USA)
  16. SECTION D PEER FEEDBACK


  17. Peer Monitoring
    Carlen Henington & Chris Skinner (USA)
  18. Peers Assessing Peers: Possibilities and Problems
    Angela O'Donnell (USA) & Keith Topping (Scotland)
  19. SECTION E EMBEDDING AND EXTENDING PAL


  20. Mutual Tutoring: Embedding and Extending PAL
    Audrey Gartner (USA)
  21. PAL Beyond School
    Shirley Hill, Keith Topping & Brian Gay (Scotland & Wales)
  22. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
    Stewart Ehly & Keith Topping (USA & Scotland)

Afterword: Gita Vygotskya (Russia)

Resources

Contributor Biographical Notes

Index