“By creating we think, by living we learn” Patrick Geddes
Appendix A Personnel involved in the survey Appendix B The Training and Calibration Courses Appendix C Inter and Intra-examiner Agreement Appendix D Comparison of D3MFT and D3S in 1994/95 and 1998/99 with confidence limits Appendix E Tooth and Surface Caries Results Appendix F Dental Trauma Appendix G Oral Cleanliness Appendix H SCOTS Index for Developmental Defects of Enamel Appendix I Orthodontic Assessment Appendix J Codes used for assessment of caries and sealants Appendix K Abbreviations used for Health Boards Appendix L Maps of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland, 1994/95 and 1998/99 Appendix M Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in the UK, 1994/95
C1 Inter-dentist agreement from calibration trial C2 Intra-dentist agreement from survey E1 Caries data, by surface, for each Health Board E2 Distribution of decay by tooth surface F1 Dental trauma G1 Mean plaque scores and distribution by Health Board H1 Frequency of demarcated opactities, diffuse opacities and hypoplasias H2 Extent and symmetry of developmental defects H3 Frequency of individual SCOTS2/DDE classifications by Health Board I1 Orthodontic treatment need, by Health Board, measured by IOTN I2 Proportion of children with orthodontic treatment need, by Health Board. I3 Proportion of children with orthodontic treatment need, by DEPCAT score
D1 Comparison of D3MFT in 1994/95 and 1998/99 with confidence limits D2 Comparison of D3S in 1994/95 and 1998/99 with confidence limits E1 Distribution of caries experience (D3 and F) by surface L1 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland (by Health Board) 1995/95 L2 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland (by Health Board) 1998/99 M1 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Great Britain, 1994/95
Appendix A Participants in the 1998-99 Survey of 14 year olds
| Consultants DPH/CADOs (or their representatives) | Health Board |
|---|---|
| Mr P Sweeney | Argyll & Clyde |
| * | Ayrshire & Arran |
| Mr G Ball | Borders |
| * | Dumfries & Galloway |
| Mr G Ball | Fife |
| Mr P Sweeney | Forth Valley |
| Mr M C W Merrett | Grampian |
| Mr D McCall | Greater Glasgow |
| * | Highland |
| Miss M Taylor | Lanarkshire |
| Mr G Ball | Lothian |
| Mrs M Nelson | Orkney |
| Mr M Collins | Shetland |
| Mr M C W Merrett | Tayside |
| Mrs C MacMillan | Western Isles |
| * No current incumbent |
| Health Board Coordinators | Health Board |
|---|---|
| Mr A C Gerrish | Argyll & Clyde |
| Mr A J Swan | Ayrshire & Arran |
| Mr D W Clouting | Borders |
| Miss L S Gilliat | Dumfries & Galloway |
| Mrs J Logan | Fife |
| Mr R Maxwell | Forth Valley |
| Mr R Hamilton | Grampian |
| Mr A Kippen | Greater Glasgow |
| Mrs C Lush | Highland |
| Mr Martin Foster | Larkshire |
| Mrs C Wight | Lothianan |
| Mrs M Nelson | Orkney |
| Mr M Collins | Shetland |
| Miss M M T Curnow | Tayside |
| Mrs C MacMillan | Western Isles |
| Dental Examiners / Scribes | Health Board |
|---|---|
| Mrs L Baker / Mrs M Hutchinson | Argyll & Clyde |
| Mr R Lawson/ Miss A Campbell | Argyll & Clyde |
| Mr D Watson / Mrs J Simpson | Argyll & Clyde |
| Mr A Swan / Ms M Riddex | Ayrshire & Arran |
| Mrs C Anderson / Miss A Richardson | Borders |
| Mrs M Land / Mrs L Dumper | Borders |
| Miss C Oliver/ Mrs K Paxton | Dumfries & Galloway |
| Mr A Donaldson / Miss S Gorman | Dumfries & Galloway |
| Mrs J Logan / Miss E Pye | Fife |
| Mr S Watt / Mrs H Mcdonnel | Fife |
| Mr R Maxwell / Mrs M Lornie | Forth Valley |
| Mrs M Macdonald / Mrs E Kerr | Forth Valley |
| Miss C Doran / Ms D Lawson | Grampian |
| Mr R Stuart / Ms M Nicol | Grampian |
| Mrs M Barr / Mrs J Strong | Greater Glasgow |
| Miss T Dunseith / Mrs J McInnes | Greater Glasgow |
| Mrs D Pitts/ Mrs A Heaney | Greater Glasgow |
| Mrs R Walker / Ms H Dickie | Greater Glasgow |
| Mr C Williams / Miss L Toal | Greater Glasgow |
| Mrs D Macadam / Mrs F Campbell | Greater Glasgow |
| Mr P Dunford / Mrs A Robb | Highland |
| Mrs C Temple / Mrs I Clark | Highland |
| Mrs M Kerr / Mrs M Brown | Lanarkshire |
| Mr J Sinclair / Mrs S Dorian | Lanarkshire |
| Mr M Foster / Mrs A Kerr | Lanarkshire |
| Mr J Morrison / Miss J Kerr | Lanarkshire |
| Mrs Y Millar / Mrs M Hope | Lanarkshire |
| Miss M Campbell / Miss M Banks | Lothian |
| Mr J McConnachie / Mrs M Slane | Lothian |
| Mr D Sampson / Miss M Murdie | Lothian |
| Mrs M Nelson / Ms S Leask | Orkney |
| Mr M Collins / Ms C Balfour | Shetland |
| Miss M Curnow / Mrs B Ritchie | Tayside |
| Miss G Macaulay / Miss C Shand | Tayside |
| Mr G Jackson / Ms K MacDonald | Western Isles |
| Calibration Course Staff | Title |
|---|---|
| Mr M C W Merrett (Tayside Health Board) | Organiser |
| Prof N B Pitts (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Coordinator |
| Dr C Pine (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Examiner Training |
| Prof K W Stephen (Glasgow Dental Hospital and School) | Adviser |
| Ms P A Smith (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Organisation, Data Collection and Calibration |
| Mrs A Byres (Unit of Dental Public Health & Health Psychology) | Data Collection and Calibration |
| Mrs L Ellis (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Data Collection and Calibration |
| Ms K Finlay (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Data Collection and Calibration |
| Dr Z J Nugent (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Data Collection and Calibration |
| Mrs G Topping (Dental Health Services Research Unit) | Data Collection and Calibration |
| Data Processing | Unit |
|---|---|
| Dr Z J Nugent | (Dental Health Services Research Unit) |
| Data Entry | |
| Mrs T Schmid | (Dental Health Services Research Unit) |
| Analyses and Report Preparation | |
| Dr Z J Nugent | (Dental Health Services Research Unit) |
| Prof N B Pitts | (Dental Health Services Research Unit) |
| Ms P A Smith | (Dental Health Services Research Unit) |
Appendix B The Training and Calibration Courses
The training and calibration courses for this third survey of 14 year old children were held in Perth as it was considered to be a good central location accessible to all the other areas from which the examining teams have to travel and has proved to offer excellent facilities and schools for this exercise over many years.
In order to achieve meaningful results in a calibration assessment it is important that there is an appreciable level of disease, in the subjects being examined, for the dentists to diagnose.
The large number of people involved in the training and calibration courses makes it necessary to run two separate two-day courses. The first course was held on the 26th and 27th of October 1998 and the second was held, later that same week, on the 29th and 30th of October. Both courses were held in a hotel in Perth and followed the basic schedule previously used. Illustrated training lessons on the codes and criteria were followed by discussion sessions. Clinical training was undertaken on the morning of the second day, using children at Perth Grammar School. Calibration took place in the afternoon and was followed by a final discussion session. The course organiser was Mr MCW Merrett and the training elements were provided by Dr Cynthia Pine and the Dental Health Services Research Unit.
Perth Grammar School (Rector, Mr D Bader) kindly agreed to allow the training and calibration courses to take place on its premises. Without the cooperation of the children, their parents and the staff at the school, the training and calibration courses would not have been possible. The Scottish Health BoardsÕ Dental Epidemiological Programme is grateful to them all.
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* Only children seen by all dentists in the group have data included in D3MFT
Appendix D Comparison of D3MFT and D3 in 1994/95 and 1998/99 with confidence limits
Figure D1 Decayed, missing and filled teeth (D3MFT) in14 year old Scottish children in 1994/95 and 1998/99 - a comparison showing mean values and estimated 95% confidence limits
Figure D2 Decayed surfaces (D3S) in14 year old Scottish children in 1994/95 and 1998/99 - a comparison showing mean values and estimated 95% confidence limits
| Table E1 Mean number of surfaces decayed (D3S), missing* (MS), filled** (FS), sealed ($S) and with sealant restorations (NS), per child for each Health Board. [decay defined as decay into dentine]. | ||||||
| Health Board | DS | MS | FS | DFS | $S | NS |
| Argyll & Clyde | 1.27 | 1.80 | 2.87 | 4.14 | 2.37 | 0.07 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 0.92 | 1.43 | 2.90 | 3.82 | 2.05 | 0.00 |
| Borders | 0.63 | 0.38 | 1.40 | 2.03 | 1.24 | 0.01 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 1.15 | 1.37 | 2.24 | 3.39 | 1.65 | 0.00 |
| Fife | 1.33 | 1.45 | 3.19 | 4.53 | 2.11 | 0.02 |
| Forth Valley | 0.77 | 0.71 | 2.12 | 2.89 | 2.93 | 0.03 |
| Grampian | 0.90 | 1.72 | 2.18 | 3.08 | 1.31 | 0.00 |
| Greater Glasgow | 2.36 | 2.02 | 3.37 | 5.73 | 1.97 | 0.06 |
| Highland | 3.14 | 1.51 | 2.30 | 5.44 | 2.96 | 0.00 |
| Lanarkshire | 1.77 | 1.04 | 3.38 | 5.15 | 2.20 | 0.04 |
| Lothian | 1.33 | 0.94 | 1.54 | 2.88 | 1.91 | 0.02 |
| Orkney | 0.83 | 0.54 | 0.98 | 1.81 | 5.93 | 0.03 |
| Shetland | 0.95 | 0.40 | 1.85 | 2.80 | 6.40 | 0.06 |
| Tayside | 1.61 | 1.28 | 2.74 | 4.35 | 2.47 | 0.01 |
| Western Isles | 1.26 | 1.06 | 3.82 | 5.09 | 3.69 | 0.20 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 1.53 | 1.40 | 2.67 | 4.20 | 2.14 | 0.03 |
* 4 surfaces are counted for a missing anterior and 5 for a posterior tooth.
** Filled surfaces include codes F, N and R.
| Table E2 Distribution of decay by tooth surface (m=mesial, o=occlusal, d=distal, b=buccal, l=lingual): total decay (D3) and filled (F) as % of total D3FS, by Health Board. [decay defined as decay into dentine]. | ||||||||||
| Health Board | m-D | o-D | d-D | b-D | l-D | m-F | o-F | d-F | b-F | l-F |
| Argyll & Clyde | 5.5 | 11.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 10.3 | 36.9 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 7.2 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 3.3 | 8.7 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 11.1 | 40.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.1 |
| Borders | 3.8 | 19.9 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 37.4 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 8.0 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 5.0 | 13.1 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 9.1 | 37.4 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.6 |
| Fife | 4.8 | 9.6 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 37.1 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 9.5 |
| Forth Valley | 4.0 | 9.6 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 10.2 | 33.3 | 8.2 | 11.5 | 10.1 |
| Grampian | 4.2 | 10.9 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 34.1 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.6 |
| Greater Glasgow | 7.3 | 14.4 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 27.9 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Highland | 6.8 | 25.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 5.0 | 21.1 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 4.8 |
| Lanarkshire | 4.6 | 14.5 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 36.7 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 7.3 |
| Lothian | 5.4 | 24.2 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 32.1 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
| Orkney | 8.4 | 20.0 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 29.9 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| Shetland | 6.1 | 12.5 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 8.5 | 36.5 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 5.7 |
| Tayside | 5.0 | 17.0 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 7.8 | 9.8 | 32.3 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 6.2 |
| Western Isles | 5.0 | 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 11.3 | 37.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.8 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 5.2 | 14.8 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 33.5 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.6 |
| Figure E1 Distribution of caries experience (D3 and F) by surface. |
 |
Data were collected on tooth fractures (repaired and not repaired) and discolouration of intact teeth due to trauma. Additionally, full crowns on incisors and canines were recorded. Only data from permanent teeth were included. In Table F1, the column headed "Any Trauma" represents the proportion of the sample (male or female) with any or all of the fractures, discolouration or trauma repairs.
More males than females had untreated fractures (P<0.001); more males than females had any trauma (treated or untreated) (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of repaired trauma or of discolouration.
| Table F1 Proportion of 14 year olds affected by trauma (treated and untreated) or having crowns on incisors or canines. | |||||
| MALE | |||||
| Health Board | Repair | Discolouration | Fracture | Any Trauma | Crown |
| Argyll & Clyde | 5.1 | 0.5 | 5.6 | 10.3 | 1.9 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 1.4 | 0 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 0 |
| Borders | 4.7 | 0 | 3.1 | 7.9 | 0 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 1.7 | 0 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 0 |
| Fife | 3.4 | 0 | 2.0 | 5.4 | 1.4 |
| Forth Valley | 2.8 | 0 | 2.1 | 4.9 | 1.4 |
| Grampian | 4.0 | 0 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 0 |
| Greater Glasgow | 3.0 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 0.7 |
| Highland | 6.3 | 0 | 6.9 | 12.5 | 0 |
| Lanarkshire | 1.5 | 0.8 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 0.8 |
| Lothian | 4.8 | 0 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 0.3 |
| Orkney | 4.1 | 0 | 1.7 | 5.8 | 0.8 |
| Shetland | 4.8 | 0 | 0.8 | 5.6 | 1.6 |
| Tayside | 3.1 | 0 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 2.5 |
| Western Isles | 4.9 | 0 | 1.6 | 6.6 | 0 |
| Scotland (weighted means) | 3.4 | 0.2 | 4.5 | 7.9 | 0.8 |
| FEMALE | |||||
| Health Board | Repair | Discolouration | Fracture | Any Trauma | Crown |
| Argyll & Clyde | 4.2 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 6.7 | 1.3 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 2.9 | 0 | 5.1 | 8.0 | 0 |
| Borders | 5.8 | 0 | 0 | 5.8 | 0 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 | 0.8 |
| Fife | 2.6 | 0 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 0.5 |
| Forth Valley | 1.6 | 0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| Grampian | 0.9 | 0 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 0 |
| Greater Glasgow | 2.0 | 0 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 1.8 |
| Highland | 3.7 | 0 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 0.6 |
| Lanarkshire | 2.7 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 6.2 | 0.2 |
| Lothian | 4.0 | 0 | 0.9 | 4.6 | 0.6 |
| Orkney | 2.3 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 0 |
| Shetland | 2.9 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 0 |
| Tayside | 2.6 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 0 |
| Western Isles | 5.4 | 0 | 2.7 | 6.8 | 1.4 |
| Scotland (weighted means) | 2.8 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 0.8 |
| Table G1 Mean plaque scores and distribution of total plaque scores for each Health Board | |||||||||||
| Health Board | Mean | SD | Valid Cases |
% of children with each total plaque score* | Valid Cases |
||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| Argyll & Clyde | 0.35 | 0.36 | 449 | 41 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 366 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 0.38 | 0.35 | 283 | 34 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 238 |
| Borders | 0.22 | 0.32 | 248 | 61 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 230 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 0.24 | 0.34 | 246 | 57 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 211 |
| Fife | 0.25 | 0.34 | 339 | 55 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 298 |
| Forth Valley | 0.20 | 0.31 | 267 | 58 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 237 |
| Grampian | 0.15 | 0.24 | 261 | 63 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 222 |
| Greater Glasgow | 0.30 | 0.33 | 1094 | 42 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 863 |
| Highland | 0.24 | 0.29 | 304 | 48 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 256 |
| Lanarkshire | 0.19 | 0.29 | 801 | 61 | 14 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 658 |
| Lothian | 0.20 | 0.31 | 648 | 59 | 12 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 550 |
| Orkney | 0.18 | 0.26 | 251 | 53 | 17 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 234 |
| Shetland | 0.10 | 0.21 | 265 | 74 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 253 |
| Tayside | 0.35 | 0.32 | 355 | 31 | 17 | 19 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 314 |
| Western Isles | 0.46 | 0.41 | 136 | 33 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 25 | 117 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 0.26 | 0.33 | 50 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 6 | ||
The SCOTS version of the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index was designed for use in field settings as an add-on to caries prevalence examinations in order to monitor prevalence of (and to determine public health significance of) enamel defects. Designed initially for Scottish Health Boards, it includes a Child's assessment of the presence of any defect, describes Opacities/Hypoplasias using modified DDE screening criteria and includes a grading of extents in Thirds and records Symmetry of defects.
For the 1996/97 survey of 12 year olds the SCOTS/DDE Index was updated (SCOTS2) so that the grading of thirds for the extent of defects was recorded separately for each of the four teeth examined. In addition, the impact of defects was determined by reference to an example "impact" picture of anterior teeth previously evaluated elsewhere.
For the examination, assessment was made of developmental defects of the upper four incisor teeth, examined wet, and anomalies smaller than 1mm were excluded. The examiner asked the child "Do you have any marks on your front teeth which won't brush off?" and, if the answer was affirmative, invited him/her to point them out. This was followed up by the question "Does the appearance of these marks bother you?". The clinical examination was then carried out; the presence of opacities and/or hypoplasias and their maximum extent was noted and the symmetry of opacities was assessed.
Table H1 shows the frequencies of the three types of anomalies in each Health Board. There are clear differences reported between Boards with, for example, the values for demarcated opacities ranging from 5.6% to 34%. The overall value for Scotland rose moderately from 11.5% to 13.9% since the last survey of 14 year olds.
The frequencies of SCOTS2 classification, by Health Board are presented in Table H3. There has been no substantial change in the percentage of children free of developmental defects of enamel, the percentage of demarcated opacities has risen slightly from 7.9% to 10.3% and the percentage of diffuse opacities has dropped slightly. Of those with diffuse opacities (Code 2) only a small percentage (10.5%) were sufficiently prominent to exceed the severity of the "impact slide" (impact score=1) representing lay awareness of any abnormality.
It is important to note that the variation in values between the 1994/95 and 1998/99 surveys may relate, in part, to examiner variability and that Tables H1 to H3 offer only a broad indication of the levels of developmental defects of enamel in these children. Additionally, as mentioned earlier, since the last survey of 14 year olds the method of calculating the extent of defects has been modified in SCOTS2.
| Table H1 Percentage of children with demarcated opacities, diffuse opacities, and hypoplasias on upper incisors, by Health Board (This is tooth data and all 4 incisors counted.) | ||||||
| Health Board | Demarcated Opacities | Diffuse Opacities | children with diffuse opacities who had | Hypoplasisias | Sample | |
| Impact Score=1 | Symetrical opacities | |||||
| Argyll & Clyde | 12.1 | 7.5 | 12.5 | 71.9 | 0.5 | 438 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 6.1 | 22.5 | 3.3 | 82.0 | 1.4 | 280 |
| Borders | 12.6 | 12.6 | 20.0 | 73.3 | 3.8 | 239 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 21.9 | 14.0 | 12.1 | 93.9 | 0.0 | 242 |
| Fife | 6.9 | 17.7 | 32.1 | 62.5 | 1.9 | 317 |
| Forth Valley | 12.0 | 29.5 | 6.8 | 86.3 | 1.2 | 251 |
| Grampian | 8.4 | 12.7 | 15.6 | 78.1 | 1.2 | 251 |
| Greater Glasgow | 20.1 | 20.5 | 7.0 | 80.1 | 1.8 | 1036 |
| Highland | 34.0 | 26.3 | 1.3 | 78.9 | 2.0 | 297 |
| Lanarkshire | 11.3 | 9.9 | 16.4 | 75.3 | 0.9 | 760 |
| Lothian | 19.0 | 19.5 | 13.4 | 75.4 | 1.8 | 609 |
| Orkney | 18.3 | 28.8 | 4.3 | 75.4 | 3.8 | 240 |
| Shetland | 5.6 | 26.2 | 13.8 | 61.5 | 2.0 | 248 |
| Tayside | 6.5 | 14.2 | 4.2 | 62.5 | 1.2 | 338 |
| Western Isles | 16.2 | 13.2 | 16.7 | 77.8 | 5.1 | 136 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 13.9 | 17.0 | 10.5 | 76.9 | 1.4 | |
| Table H2 Percentage of observations with each extent of defect (measured in thirds of crown surface) with a combination of defects not included. | ||||
| Extent | Sample | |||
| Developmental Defect | < 1/3 | 1/3 - 2/3 | > 2/3 | |
| Demarcated Opacities | 96.4 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 1042 |
| Diffuse Opacities | 75.5 | 19.7 | 4.8 | 2253 |
| Hypoplasias | 72.1 | 22.1 | 5.8 | 86 |
| Table H3 Frequencies of SCOT2 classifications by Health Board (each individual is scored for the highest single value (excluding 9) assigned.) | |||||
| % Normal | % Demarcated | % Diffuse | % Hypoplasia | % Combination of defects | |
| SCOTS2/DDE Index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 - 7 |
| Health Board | |||||
| Argyll & Clyde | 80.4 | 11.2 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 71.1 | 5.4 | 21.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| Borders | 76.2 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 1.7 | 3.3 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 67.4 | 18.6 | 11.6 | 0 | 2.5 |
| Fife | 76.7 | 5.0 | 16.1 | 0 | 2.2 |
| Forth Valley | 62.9 | 6.8 | 26.3 | 0.8 | 3.2 |
| Grampian | 81.7 | 4.8 | 10.4 | 0.8 | 2.4 |
| Greater Glasgow | 63.9 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 1.1 | 4.0 |
| Highland | 50.5 | 21.5 | 19.5 | 0.3 | 8.1 |
| Lanarkshire | 80.3 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
| Lothian | 65.0 | 14.1 | 16.7 | 1.1 | 3.0 |
| Orkney | 59.6 | 10.8 | 20.4 | 0.4 | 8.8 |
| Shetland | 72.2 | 0.8 | 21.8 | 1.6 | 3.6 |
| Tayside | 80.2 | 5.6 | 12.7 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
| Western Isles | 69.1 | 13.2 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 2.2 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 71.7 | 10.3 | 14.6 | 0.8 | 2.6 |
|
* Based on those for whom an answer was available.
This is the first of the surveys of 14 year olds in which an orthodontic assessment has been undertaken and therefore provides baseline figures with which future surveys' results can be compared
The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), used in this survey, facilitates assessment of both objective (professionally defined) and subjective (patient defined) need. If a child is assigned a score of 8 or more on the Aesthetic Component of the Index or a score of 1 on the Dental Health Component (DHC) then that child will be classed as having an objective need for orthodontic treatment
Subjective need for orthodontic treatment is determined by the answers to the following three questions:
with the following combination of answers: 1. "No"; 2. "Not satisfied"; 3. "Yes", indicating a subjective need for orthodontic treatment.
Table I1 shows the proportion of children by Health Board classified as having an objective need for orthodontic treatment. Less than a third of the 14 year olds (28%) were classified as having a need for orthodontic treatment on dental health grounds (DHC=1), although this figure varied across Scotland from 22% to 46%. A small proportion (8.8%) of those examined were recorded as having an aesthetic need for orthodontic treatment (Aesthetic Component > 8) and less than 1% of 14 year olds were classified as having an aesthetic need for orthodontic treatment which was not associated with a dental health need (Aesthetic Component > 8 but DHC=0).
The first column of Table I2 indicates the proportion of the total sample who currently have an appliance. The proportions with need (central three columns) are based on the sub-sample without appliances. The final column has, as a base, the subjects with both subjective and objective need and presents the proportion of these who say they are awaiting orthodontic treatment.
Table I3 presents this data for the different DEPCAT categories. Clearly, less deprived children are more likely to be in treatment or awaiting treatment. There is no clear relationship between deprivation and need in untreated 14 year olds.
| Table I1 Orthodontic need by Health Board, as measured by IOTN. | |||||
| Health Board | % with Aesthetic Component >=8 | % with malocclusion at DHC=1 | % with Aesthetic Component >=8 but DHC=0 | % with malocclusion at DHC=1 or AC >=8 who would like teeth straightened (no brace at present) | % with malocclusion at DHC=1 or AC >=8 who would like teeth straightened (no brace at present) but don't want a brace |
| Argyll & Clyde | 9.7 | 31.6 | 0.2 | 54.9 | 4.1 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 7.7 | 31.1 | 1.4 | 45.7 | 6.3 |
| Borders | 10.1 | 22.0 | 0.9 | 44.2 | 5.3 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 14.6 | 24.2 | 1.3 | 48.9 | 17.4 |
| Fife | 9.0 | 31.0 | 1 | 47.7 | 5.0 |
| Forth Valley | 8.8 | 22.4 | 0 | 50.0 | 4.2 |
| Grampian | 1.5 | 28.0 | 0 | 46.6 | 14.8 |
| Greater Glasgow | 9.6 | 30.7 | 0.7 | 37.9 | 10.1 |
| Highland | 19.6 | 28.4 | 2.5 | 42.9 | 0 |
| Lanarkshire | 8.7 | 27.4 | 0.3 | 55.2 | 5.3 |
| Lothian | 13.5 | 24.2 | 1.1 | 56.7 | 7.4 |
| Orkney | 7.5 | 34.6 | 0 | 43.6 | 8.8 |
| Shetland | 15.7 | 35.3 | 0.9 | 56.3 | 0 |
| Tayside | 1.2 | 23.4 | 0 | 56.5 | 15.4 |
| Western Isles | 5.2 | 45.9 | 0 | 26.4 | 14.3 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 8.8 | 28.0 | 0.7 | 48.5 | 7.8 |
| Percentages based on those for whom a valid value could be recorded for each variable used. | |||||
| Table I2 Percentage of children with an appliance, those with need and no appliance (both subjective and objective), and those with need waiting for an appliance. | |||||
| Health Board | % with Appliance | % with No Appliance | |||
| % Subjective Need | % Objective Need | % Both | % Waiting with Both | ||
| Argyll & Clyde | 7.1 | 23.3 | 30.0 | 14.0 | 58.7 |
| Ayrshire & Arran | 18.2 | 18.4 | 26.0 | 10.5 | 13.3 |
| Borders | 11.4 | 17.4 | 19.9 | 7.3 | 33.3 |
| Dumfries & Galloway | 14.8 | 17.2 | 20.2 | 7.4 | 44.4 |
| Fife | 14.8 | 19.0 | 26.6 | 9.8 | 42.4 |
| Forth Valley | 14.6 | 20.5 | 18.4 | 8.8 | 56.5 |
| Grampian | 10.9 | 15.2 | 22.6 | 7.4 | 57.9 |
| Greater Glasgow | 14.6 | 16.1 | 26.0 | 8.1 | 40.2 |
| Highland | 14.2 | 18.4 | 26.7 | 10.1 | 40.0 |
| Lanarkshire | 18.6 | 18.1 | 21.8 | 10.7 | 47.1 |
| Lothian | 24.2 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 9.1 | 40.0 |
| Orkney | 6.4 | 15.8 | 31.3 | 11.6 | 65.5 |
| Shetland | 11.5 | 22.6 | 31.7 | 14.9 | 43.6 |
| Tayside | 10.8 | 14.7 | 19.5 | 7.9 | 60.7 |
| Western Isles | 6.0 | 8.7 | 42.1 | 4.5 | 33.3 |
| Scotland (weighted values) | 15.1 | 17.9 | 23.7 | 9.4 | 44.9 |
| Table I3 Percentage of children with an appliance, those with need and no appliance (both subjective and objective), and those with need waiting for an appliance by DEPCAT score. | |||||
| Health Board | % with Appliance | % with No Appliance | |||
| % Subjective Need | % Objective Need | % Both | % Waiting with Both | ||
| 1 | 26.0 | 10.9 | 18.4 | 7.2 | 68.8 |
| 2 | 19.5 | 15.3 | 19.9 | 7.7 | 47.8 |
| 3 | 13.8 | 17.4 | 24.8 | 10.0 | 51.3 |
| 4 | 15.2 | 18.9 | 23.6 | 9.7 | 39.5 |
| 5 | 14.2 | 22.8 | 27.2 | 12.8 | 45.9 |
| 6 | 11.3 | 17.1 | 25.8 | 8.9 | 41.5 |
| 7 | 9.4 | 18.6 | 24.9 | 8.1 | 32.3 |
| Tooth Codes | Extracted (caries) | 6 |
| Extracted (ortho) | 7 | |
| Unerupted U | U | |
| Missing (trauma) T | T | |
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| Surface Codes | Present and "sound" G | G |
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| Arrested dentine caries | 1 | |
| Decayed (dentine-visual) | 2V | |
| Decayed (dentine-cavity) | 2C | |
| Unrestorable | 3 | |
| Filled and decayed | 4 | |
|
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| Filled, no decay | F | |
| Filled, needs replacing | R | |
| Sealed surface, type unknown | $ | |
| Obvious sealant restoration | N | |
| Crown/advanced procedure | C | |
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| Trauma - fracture | T | |
| Trauma - treated | X | |
| Trauma - discoloured | Y | |
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| Excluded | 9 |
|
Figure L1 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland (by Heath Board) 1994/95
Figure L2 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland (by Heath Board) 1998/99
Figure M1 Map of D3MFT results for 14 year olds in Scotland (by Heath Board) 1994/95
Return to Report of the 1998/99 Survey of 14 Year Old Children index.
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